/*
Theme Name: Zyonix Journal — Punajna
Theme URI: https://zyonix.com/journal-theme
Author: Zyonix
Author URI: https://zyonix.com
Description: A professional academic journal theme — MDPI-style with clean blue palette, featuring three-column layout, Open Access support, custom post types for articles, volume/issue taxonomy, Altmetric badge integration, and Crossref citation count.
Version: 1.0.0
Requires at least: 6.0
Tested up to: 6.5
Requires PHP: 8.0
License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
License URI: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Text Domain: zyonix-journal
Tags: academic, journal, research, open-access, three-columns, responsive, custom-post-type
*/

/* ==========================================================================
   TABLE OF CONTENTS
   1.  CSS Custom Properties (Variables)
   2.  CSS Reset & Normalize
   3.  Base Typography
   4.  Links & Buttons
   5.  Forms
   6.  Accessibility
   7.  Layout — Site Structure
   8.  Header
   9.  Navigation / Menu
   10. Hero Section
   11. Three-Column Grid
   12. Sidebar (Left & Right)
   13. Main Content Area
   14. Homepage Sections
   15. Journal Card / Journal List
   16. Article Card
   17. Article Single Page
   18. Article Meta Badges
   19. Abstract & Keywords
   20. PDF Download Button
   21. Authors Section
   22. Citation & References
   23. Altmetric / Metrics Row
   24. Archive Pages
   25. Volume / Issue Browser
   26. Taxonomy Pages
   27. Search Results
   28. 404 Page
   29. Footer
   30. Widgets
   31. Pagination
   32. Breadcrumbs
   33. Open Access & License Badges
   34. Responsive — Breakpoints
   35. Print Styles
   36. WordPress Core Alignment Classes
   37. Utility Classes
   ========================================================================== */


/* ==========================================================================
   1. CSS CUSTOM PROPERTIES
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
    /* Brand Colors */
    --color-primary:          #0075B4;
    --color-primary-dark:     #005a8e;
    --color-primary-light:    #1a8fcb;
    --color-primary-xlight:   #e8f4fb;
    --color-primary-hover:    #005fa3;

    /* Accent Colors */
    --color-oa-green:         #e8a000;
    --color-oa-green-light:   #fff8e8;
    --color-article-type:     #e8a000;
    --color-article-type-bg:  #fff8e8;
    --color-new-badge:        #0075B4;
    --color-new-badge-bg:     #e8f4fb;

    /* Neutral Palette */
    --color-white:            #ffffff;
    --color-black:            #111111;
    --color-gray-50:          #fafafa;
    --color-gray-100:         #f5f5f5;
    --color-gray-200:         #eeeeee;
    --color-gray-300:         #e0e0e0;
    --color-gray-400:         #bdbdbd;
    --color-gray-500:         #9e9e9e;
    --color-gray-600:         #757575;
    --color-gray-700:         #616161;
    --color-gray-800:         #424242;
    --color-gray-900:         #212121;

    /* Text Colors */
    --color-text-primary:     #1a1a1a;
    --color-text-secondary:   #555555;
    --color-text-muted:       #777777;
    --color-text-light:       #999999;
    --color-text-inverse:     #ffffff;
    --color-text-link:        #0075B4;
    --color-text-link-hover:  #005a8e;

    /* Background Colors */
    --color-bg-body:          #f5f7fa;
    --color-bg-white:         #ffffff;
    --color-bg-light:         #f8f9fa;
    --color-bg-hero:          #0075B4;
    --color-bg-footer:        #1a2e3a;
    --color-bg-footer-dark:   #0f1e27;
    --color-bg-sidebar:       #ffffff;
    --color-bg-highlight:     #fff8e8;

    /* Border Colors */
    --color-border:           #e0e0e0;
    --color-border-light:     #eeeeee;
    --color-border-dark:      #bdbdbd;
    --color-border-primary:   #0075B4;

    /* Typography */
    --font-primary:           'Source Sans Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    --font-heading:           'Source Serif 4', 'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --font-mono:              'Courier New', Courier, monospace;

    /* Font Sizes */
    --text-xs:                0.6875rem;  /* 11px */
    --text-sm:                0.75rem;    /* 12px */
    --text-base:              0.875rem;   /* 14px */
    --text-md:                0.9375rem;  /* 15px */
    --text-lg:                1rem;       /* 16px */
    --text-xl:                1.125rem;   /* 18px */
    --text-2xl:               1.25rem;    /* 20px */
    --text-3xl:               1.5rem;     /* 24px */
    --text-4xl:               1.75rem;    /* 28px */
    --text-5xl:               2rem;       /* 32px */
    --text-6xl:               2.5rem;     /* 40px */

    /* Font Weights */
    --font-normal:            400;
    --font-medium:            500;
    --font-semibold:          600;
    --font-bold:              700;
    --font-extrabold:         800;

    /* Line Heights */
    --leading-tight:          1.25;
    --leading-snug:           1.375;
    --leading-normal:         1.5;
    --leading-relaxed:        1.625;
    --leading-loose:          1.8;
    --leading-article:        1.7;

    /* Letter Spacing */
    --tracking-tight:         -0.01em;
    --tracking-normal:        0;
    --tracking-wide:          0.02em;
    --tracking-wider:         0.04em;
    --tracking-widest:        0.08em;

    /* Spacing Scale */
    --space-1:                0.25rem;   /* 4px */
    --space-2:                0.5rem;    /* 8px */
    --space-3:                0.75rem;   /* 12px */
    --space-4:                1rem;      /* 16px */
    --space-5:                1.25rem;   /* 20px */
    --space-6:                1.5rem;    /* 24px */
    --space-7:                1.75rem;   /* 28px */
    --space-8:                2rem;      /* 32px */
    --space-10:               2.5rem;    /* 40px */
    --space-12:               3rem;      /* 48px */
    --space-16:               4rem;      /* 64px */
    --space-20:               5rem;      /* 80px */

    /* Layout */
    --container-max:          1280px;
    --container-wide:         1440px;
    --content-max:            860px;
    --sidebar-left-width:     220px;
    --sidebar-right-width:    240px;
    --column-gap:             20px;

    /* Borders */
    --radius-sm:              3px;
    --radius-md:              5px;
    --radius-lg:              8px;
    --radius-xl:              12px;
    --radius-full:            9999px;
    --border-width:           1px;

    /* Shadows */
    --shadow-xs:              0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    --shadow-sm:              0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    --shadow-md:              0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
    --shadow-lg:              0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    --shadow-xl:              0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.14);
    --shadow-card:            0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08), 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    --shadow-header:          0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);

    /* Transitions */
    --transition-fast:        150ms ease;
    --transition-base:        250ms ease;
    --transition-slow:        400ms ease;

    /* Z-index Scale */
    --z-base:                 0;
    --z-raised:               10;
    --z-dropdown:             100;
    --z-sticky:               200;
    --z-overlay:              300;
    --z-modal:                400;
    --z-toast:                500;

    /* Additional Variables (from main.css) */
    --header-height:          68px;
    --color-footer-bg:        #1a2e3a;
    --color-footer-text:      rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);
    --font-serif:             'Source Serif 4', 'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --font-light:             300;
    --font-thin:              100;
    --z-below:                -1;
    --tracking-tighter:       -0.02em;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   2. CSS RESET & NORMALIZE
   ========================================================================== */

*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    font-size: 16px;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    -moz-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--font-normal);
    line-height: var(--leading-normal);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    background-color: var(--color-bg-body);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
mark,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
    display: block;
}

audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

img,
svg,
video,
canvas,
audio,
iframe,
embed,
object {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100%;
}

img {
    height: auto;
    border: 0;
}

figure {
    margin: 0;
}

table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

ul,
ol {
    list-style: none;
}

blockquote,
q {
    quotes: none;
}

blockquote::before,
blockquote::after,
q::before,
q::after {
    content: '';
    content: none;
}

fieldset {
    border: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

legend {
    display: table;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0;
    white-space: normal;
}

textarea {
    overflow: auto;
    resize: vertical;
}

[hidden] {
    display: none !important;
}

template {
    display: none;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   3. BASE TYPOGRAPHY
   ========================================================================== */

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-tight);
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

h1 { font-size: var(--text-5xl); }
h2 { font-size: var(--text-4xl); }
h3 { font-size: var(--text-3xl); }
h4 { font-size: var(--text-2xl); }
h5 { font-size: var(--text-xl); }
h6 { font-size: var(--text-lg); }

p {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

strong, b {
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
}

em, i {
    font-style: italic;
}

small {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

sub,
sup {
    font-size: 0.75em;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup { top: -0.5em; }
sub { bottom: -0.25em; }

abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-gray-500);
    cursor: help;
    text-decoration: none;
}

code,
kbd,
samp,
pre {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.875em;
}

pre {
    overflow-x: auto;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: var(--space-4);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

code {
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
}

pre code {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
}

mark {
    background: var(--color-bg-highlight);
    color: inherit;
    padding: 0.1em 0.2em;
}

hr {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    margin: var(--space-6) 0;
}

blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--color-primary);
    margin: var(--space-6) 0;
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-6);
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

blockquote cite {
    display: block;
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-style: normal;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Content-area rich text (article body) */
.entry-content h1,
.entry-content h2,
.entry-content h3,
.entry-content h4,
.entry-content h5,
.entry-content h6 {
    margin-top: var(--space-8);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.entry-content ul,
.entry-content ol {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    padding-left: var(--space-6);
}

.entry-content ul { list-style: disc; }
.entry-content ol { list-style: decimal; }

.entry-content li {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

.entry-content table {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.entry-content th,
.entry-content td {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: top;
}

.entry-content th {
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
}

.entry-content img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    margin: var(--space-4) 0;
}

.entry-content figure {
    margin: var(--space-6) 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.entry-content figcaption {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
    font-style: italic;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   4. LINKS & BUTTONS
   ========================================================================== */

a {
    color: var(--color-text-link);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
    color: var(--color-text-link-hover);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* Base button reset */
button,
input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
    cursor: pointer;
    appearance: none;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
}

/* Button component */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-5);
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    line-height: 1.4;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast),
                box-shadow var(--transition-fast);
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    user-select: none;
}

.btn:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.btn:disabled,
.btn[disabled] {
    opacity: 0.55;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Primary Button */
.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    border-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* Secondary / Outline Button */
.btn-secondary {
    background-color: transparent;
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* White Button (for use on dark backgrounds) */
.btn-white {
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border-color: var(--color-white);
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-white:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

/* Danger Button */
.btn-danger {
    background-color: #d32f2f;
    border-color: #d32f2f;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-danger:hover {
    background-color: #b71c1c;
    border-color: #b71c1c;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* Button Sizes */
.btn-xs {
    padding: 3px var(--space-3);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.btn-sm {
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-4);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.btn-lg {
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-8);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
}

.btn-xl {
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-10);
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}

.btn-block {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
}

/* PDF Download Button */
.btn-pdf {
    background-color: #cc0000;
    border-color: #cc0000;
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.btn-pdf:hover {
    background-color: #aa0000;
    border-color: #aa0000;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.btn-pdf svg,
.btn-pdf .icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* HTML Article Button */
.btn-html {
    background-color: #2e7d32;
    border-color: #2e7d32;
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
}

.btn-html:hover {
    background-color: #1b5e20;
    border-color: #1b5e20;
    color: var(--color-white);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   5. FORMS
   ========================================================================== */

label {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
}

input[type="text"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="url"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="number"],
input[type="tel"],
input[type="date"],
textarea,
select {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--font-normal);
    line-height: var(--leading-normal);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border-dark);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: border-color var(--transition-fast),
                box-shadow var(--transition-fast);
    appearance: none;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}

input[type="text"]:focus,
input[type="email"]:focus,
input[type="url"]:focus,
input[type="password"]:focus,
input[type="search"]:focus,
input[type="number"]:focus,
input[type="tel"]:focus,
input[type="date"]:focus,
textarea:focus,
select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 117, 180, 0.15);
}

input::placeholder,
textarea::placeholder {
    color: var(--color-gray-400);
}

select {
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23666' d='M6 8L0 0h12z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: right var(--space-3) center;
    padding-right: var(--space-8);
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Search Form */
.search-form {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
}

.search-form .search-field {
    flex: 1;
    border-right: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md) 0 0 var(--radius-md);
    min-width: 0;
}

.search-form .search-submit {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-5);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.search-form .search-submit:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    border-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

/* Hero Search Form */
.hero-search-form {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    max-width: 680px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    gap: 0;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-search-form .search-field {
    flex: 1;
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.hero-search-form .search-field:focus {
    box-shadow: none;
    border-color: transparent;
}

.hero-search-form .search-submit {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    border: none;
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-8);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
    border-radius: 0;
}

.hero-search-form .search-submit:hover {
    background-color: #004a78;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   6. ACCESSIBILITY
   ========================================================================== */

.screen-reader-text {
    border: 0;
    clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
    clip-path: inset(50%);
    height: 1px;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0;
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    word-wrap: normal !important;
}

.screen-reader-text:focus {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-light);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    clip: auto !important;
    clip-path: none;
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    height: auto;
    left: var(--space-4);
    line-height: normal;
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-6);
    text-decoration: none;
    top: var(--space-4);
    width: auto;
    z-index: var(--z-toast);
}

.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100px;
    left: var(--space-4);
    z-index: var(--z-toast);
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-6);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    transition: top var(--transition-fast);
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: var(--space-4);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Focus indicator for interactive elements */
:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   7. LAYOUT — SITE STRUCTURE
   ========================================================================== */

#page {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
    background-color: var(--color-bg-body);
}

#content {
    flex: 1 0 auto;
}

.site-container {
    max-width: var(--container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-5);
    width: 100%;
}

.site-container--wide {
    max-width: var(--container-wide);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-5);
    width: 100%;
}

/* Three Column Layout */
.three-column-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar-left-width) 1fr var(--sidebar-right-width);
    grid-template-areas: "sidebar-left main-content sidebar-right";
    gap: var(--column-gap);
    align-items: start;
    padding: var(--space-6) 0;
    max-width: var(--container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-left: var(--space-5);
    padding-right: var(--space-5);
}

.sidebar-left {
    grid-area: sidebar-left;
    position: sticky;
    top: var(--space-4);
    min-width: 0;
}

.main-content-area {
    grid-area: main-content;
    min-width: 0;
}

.sidebar-right {
    grid-area: sidebar-right;
    position: sticky;
    top: var(--space-4);
    min-width: 0;
}

/* Two Column Layout (no right sidebar) */
.two-column-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar-left-width) 1fr;
    grid-template-areas: "sidebar-left main-content";
    gap: var(--column-gap);
    align-items: start;
    max-width: var(--container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: var(--space-6) var(--space-5);
}

/* Full Width Layout */
.full-width-layout {
    max-width: var(--container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: var(--space-6) var(--space-5);
}

/* Content Card */
.content-card {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
}

.content-card:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   8. HEADER
   ========================================================================== */

#masthead {
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-header);
    position: relative;
    z-index: var(--z-sticky);
}

/* Top utility bar */
.header-top-bar {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-1) 0;
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

.header-top-bar .site-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--space-4);
}

.header-top-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-4);
}

.header-top-links a {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.header-top-links a:hover {
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.header-top-links span.sep {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
}

/* Main header row */
.header-main {
    padding: var(--space-3) 0;
}

.header-main .site-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--space-6);
}

/* Site Branding / Logo */
.site-branding {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.site-logo img {
    height: 48px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 200px;
}

.site-title-group {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1px;
}

.site-title {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin: 0;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-tight);
}

.site-title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.site-title a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.site-tagline {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Header utilities (search + actions) */
.header-utilities {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.header-search-wrap {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.header-search-form {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.header-search-form .search-field {
    width: 220px;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border-dark);
    border-right: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md) 0 0 var(--radius-md);
}

.header-search-form .search-submit {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.header-search-form .search-submit:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    border-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

/* Submission link button */
.header-submit-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    background-color: var(--color-oa-green);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.header-submit-btn:hover {
    background-color: #157a35;
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   9. NAVIGATION / MENU
   ========================================================================== */

/* Primary Nav */
.primary-navigation {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.primary-navigation .site-container {
    position: relative;
}

.primary-menu {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    gap: 0;
}

.primary-menu > li {
    position: relative;
}

.primary-menu > li > a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-5);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wide);
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    margin-bottom: -3px;
}

.primary-menu > li > a:hover,
.primary-menu > li > a:focus,
.primary-menu > li.current-menu-item > a,
.primary-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a {
    color: var(--color-white);
    background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    border-bottom-color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Dropdown */
.primary-menu .sub-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    z-index: var(--z-dropdown);
    background-color: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    min-width: 220px;
    list-style: none;
    padding: var(--space-2) 0;
    margin: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    transition: opacity var(--transition-base),
                visibility var(--transition-base),
                transform var(--transition-base);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.primary-menu > li:hover > .sub-menu,
.primary-menu > li:focus-within > .sub-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.primary-menu .sub-menu li a {
    display: block;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-5);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
}

.primary-menu .sub-menu li a:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.primary-menu .sub-menu li + li {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

/* Mobile menu toggle */
.menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-2);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.menu-toggle:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
}

.menu-toggle .icon-bar {
    display: block;
    width: 22px;
    height: 2px;
    background: currentColor;
    transition: all var(--transition-base);
}

.menu-toggle .icon-bar + .icon-bar {
    margin-top: 5px;
}

/* Mobile nav open state */
.nav-open .primary-menu {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

/* Secondary / Journal-specific nav */
.journal-nav {
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: 0;
}

.journal-nav .site-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0;
}

.journal-nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    gap: 0;
}

.journal-nav-menu > li > a {
    display: block;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-medium);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.journal-nav-menu > li > a:hover,
.journal-nav-menu > li.current > a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border-bottom-color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   10. HERO SECTION
   ========================================================================== */

.site-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, var(--color-primary-dark) 55%, #003d6b 100%);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-16) 0 var(--space-12);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Subtle geometric background pattern */
.site-hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 0%, transparent 50%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(255,255,255,0.04) 0%, transparent 40%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.site-hero::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -1px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--color-oa-green), var(--color-primary-light), var(--color-oa-green));
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero-tagline {
    display: inline-block;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-widest);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    color: var(--color-white);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-tight);
}

.hero-title em {
    font-style: normal;
    color: #7dd3fc;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-8);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.hero-stats {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--space-10);
    margin-top: var(--space-10);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.hero-stat {
    text-align: center;
}

.hero-stat-number {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--text-4xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    color: var(--color-white);
    line-height: 1;
}

.hero-stat-label {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
    margin-top: var(--space-1);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    text-transform: uppercase;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   11. THREE-COLUMN GRID (continued in layout.css)
   ========================================================================== */

/* Shared sidebar box */
.sidebar-box {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.sidebar-box:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.sidebar-box-header {
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
}

.sidebar-box-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.sidebar-box-body {
    padding: var(--space-4);
}

/* Sidebar navigation list */
.sidebar-nav-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.sidebar-nav-list li {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.sidebar-nav-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.sidebar-nav-list a {
    display: block;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
}

.sidebar-nav-list a:hover,
.sidebar-nav-list .current > a {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.sidebar-nav-list .current > a {
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--color-primary);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   12. HOMEPAGE SECTIONS
   ========================================================================== */

/* Section header with border */
.section-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-3);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.section-title {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.section-title-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.section-title-bar::after {
    content: '';
    flex: 1;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--color-border);
}

.section-view-all {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.section-view-all:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Journals by Subject section */
.journals-by-subject {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: var(--space-10) 0;
}

.subject-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-4);
    margin-top: var(--space-6);
}

.subject-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-4);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: box-shadow var(--transition-base),
                border-color var(--transition-base),
                transform var(--transition-base);
    gap: var(--space-3);
}

.subject-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.subject-card-icon {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-size: 22px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.subject-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

.subject-card-count {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-top: auto;
}

/* Recent Articles slider */
.recent-articles-slider {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.slider-track {
    display: flex;
    transition: transform var(--transition-slow);
}

.slider-controls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    margin-top: var(--space-4);
}

.slider-btn {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border-dark);
    background: var(--color-white);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.slider-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   13. JOURNAL CARD / JOURNAL LIST
   ========================================================================== */

.journal-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.journal-list-item {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    padding: var(--space-3) 0;
}

.journal-list-item:first-child {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.journal-list-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.journal-list-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.journal-list-link:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-list-thumb {
    width: 44px;
    height: 56px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
}

.journal-list-info {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-list-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-list-link:hover .journal-list-title {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.journal-list-issn {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Journal full card (for subject grid) */
.journal-card {
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow var(--transition-base),
                transform var(--transition-base);
}

.journal-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.journal-card-cover {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 3/4;
    object-fit: cover;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.journal-card-body {
    padding: var(--space-4);
}

.journal-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

.journal-card-meta {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* Impact factor badge */
.impact-factor-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, var(--color-primary-dark) 100%);
    color: var(--color-white);
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-6);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    width: 100%;
}

.impact-factor-value {
    font-size: var(--text-5xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    line-height: 1;
    display: block;
}

.impact-factor-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    margin-top: var(--space-1);
    display: block;
}

.impact-factor-year {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
    display: block;
    margin-top: 2px;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   14. ARTICLE CARD
   ========================================================================== */

.article-card {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-5);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    transition: box-shadow var(--transition-base),
                border-color var(--transition-base);
}

.article-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-color: var(--color-border-dark);
}

.article-card:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Article card top: badges row */
.article-card-badges {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

/* Article title */
.article-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-md);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.article-card-title a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-card-title a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Article authors */
.article-card-authors {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

.article-card-authors a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-card-authors a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Article card abstract snippet */
.article-card-abstract {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Article card footer */
.article-card-footer {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    padding-top: var(--space-3);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.article-card-meta-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-card-meta-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.article-card-meta-item svg {
    width: 13px;
    height: 13px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-card-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   15. ARTICLE SINGLE PAGE
   ========================================================================== */

/* Article page header area */
.article-header {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
}

.article-badges-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.article-title {
    font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-tight);
}

/* Authors list */
.article-authors-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
}

.article-author-name {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-author-name:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-author-sep {
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.article-author-affiliation-ref {
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    vertical-align: super;
    line-height: 0;
}

/* DOI / Publication info bar */
.article-info-bar {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-5);
    padding: var(--space-3) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.article-info-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
}

.article-info-label {
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.article-doi-link {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    word-break: break-all;
}

.article-doi-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Article action buttons row */
.article-actions-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

/* Abstract section */
.article-abstract {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.article-abstract-title {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-2);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.article-abstract-text {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: var(--leading-article);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-align: justify;
    hyphens: auto;
}

/* Graphical abstract */
.article-graphical-abstract {
    margin: var(--space-5) 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.article-graphical-abstract img {
    max-width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.article-graphical-abstract-caption {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Keywords */
.article-keywords {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.article-keywords-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
}

.article-keywords-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.article-keyword-tag {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,117,180,0.2);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-medium);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
}

.article-keyword-tag:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Affiliations */
.article-affiliations {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.article-affiliations ol {
    list-style: decimal;
    padding-left: var(--space-5);
    margin: 0;
}

.article-affiliations li {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* Citation section */
.article-citation-box {
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: var(--space-4);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.article-citation-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
}

.article-citation-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.citation-tab {
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    margin-bottom: -1px;
    background: none;
    border-left: none;
    border-right: none;
    border-top: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.citation-tab.active,
.citation-tab:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border-bottom-color: var(--color-primary);
}

.citation-text {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: var(--space-3);
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.citation-copy-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    background: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    cursor: pointer;
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast), color var(--transition-fast);
}

.citation-copy-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* References */
.article-references {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.article-references-title {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-2);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-border);
}

.references-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    counter-reset: ref-counter;
}

.references-list li {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    padding: var(--space-3) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    counter-increment: ref-counter;
}

.references-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.references-list li::before {
    content: counter(ref-counter) ".";
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    min-width: 28px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    padding-top: 1px;
}

.references-list a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
}

.references-list a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   16. ARTICLE META BADGES
   ========================================================================== */

/* Generic badge base */
.badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 2px var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    line-height: 1.4;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    white-space: nowrap;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wide);
}

/* Open Access */
.badge-oa {
    background: var(--color-oa-green-light);
    color: var(--color-oa-green);
    border: 1px solid rgba(26,150,65,0.25);
}

/* Article type */
.badge-type {
    background: var(--color-article-type-bg);
    color: var(--color-article-type);
    border: 1px solid rgba(224,123,0,0.25);
}

/* Section / Subject */
.badge-section {
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,117,180,0.2);
}

/* New */
.badge-new {
    background: var(--color-new-badge-bg);
    color: var(--color-new-badge);
    border: 1px solid rgba(211,47,47,0.25);
}

/* Accepted */
.badge-accepted {
    background: #e8f5e9;
    color: #2e7d32;
    border: 1px solid rgba(46,125,50,0.25);
}

/* Retracted */
.badge-retracted {
    background: #fce4ec;
    color: #c62828;
    border: 1px solid rgba(198,40,40,0.25);
}

/* Open Access icon (lock icon) */
.oa-icon {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    color: var(--color-oa-green);
}

.oa-icon svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   17. ALTMETRIC / METRICS ROW
   ========================================================================== */

.article-metrics-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-5);
    padding: var(--space-4);
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.article-metric-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    text-align: center;
    min-width: 60px;
}

.article-metric-value {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    line-height: 1;
}

.article-metric-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
}

.article-metric-divider {
    width: 1px;
    height: 40px;
    background: var(--color-border);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Altmetric donut badge container */
.altmetric-badge-wrap {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
}

.altmetric-badge-wrap .altmetric-embed {
    display: inline-block;
}

/* Crossref citation count */
.citation-count-box {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.citation-count-number {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: 1;
}

.citation-count-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

/* Share buttons */
.article-share-btns {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.share-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: opacity var(--transition-fast);
    color: var(--color-white);
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.share-btn:hover {
    opacity: 0.85;
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.share-btn svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; }

.share-btn-twitter  { background: #1da1f2; }
.share-btn-facebook { background: #1877f2; }
.share-btn-linkedin { background: #0a66c2; }
.share-btn-email    { background: var(--color-gray-600); }
.share-btn-copy     { background: var(--color-gray-700); }


/* ==========================================================================
   18. ARCHIVE PAGES
   ========================================================================== */

/* Archive header */
.archive-header {
    background: var(--color-bg-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--color-primary);
}

.archive-type-label {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-widest);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.archive-title {
    font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}

.archive-description {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* Issue cover */
.issue-cover-wrap {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--space-6);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: var(--space-5);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.issue-cover-image {
    width: 100px;
    height: 130px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
}

.issue-cover-info {
    flex: 1;
}

.issue-cover-title {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.issue-cover-meta {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

.issue-article-count {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

/* Volume browser */
.volume-browser {
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.volume-browser-header {
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.volume-browser-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin: 0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
}

.volume-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.volume-list-item {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.volume-list-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.volume-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-align: left;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.volume-toggle:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
}

.volume-toggle-icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    transition: transform var(--transition-base);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.volume-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .volume-toggle-icon {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.issue-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    display: none;
}

.issue-list.open {
    display: block;
}

.issue-list li a {
    display: block;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4) var(--space-2) var(--space-8);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.issue-list li a:hover,
.issue-list li.current-issue a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-list li.current-issue a {
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   19. SEARCH RESULTS
   ========================================================================== */

.search-results-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-4);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.search-results-count {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.search-results-count strong {
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.search-filters {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    align-items: center;
}

.search-filter-label {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.search-filter-chip {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border-dark);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.search-filter-chip:hover,
.search-filter-chip.active {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* No results */
.no-results {
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--space-16) var(--space-8);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}

.no-results-icon {
    font-size: 48px;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.no-results-title {
    font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.no-results-text {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    max-width: 480px;
    margin: 0 auto var(--space-6);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   20. 404 PAGE
   ========================================================================== */

.error-404-page {
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--space-20) var(--space-8);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.error-404-code {
    font-size: 120px;
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: 1;
    opacity: 0.2;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    letter-spacing: -8px;
}

.error-404-title {
    font-size: var(--text-4xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.error-404-text {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-8);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   21. FOOTER
   ========================================================================== */

#colophon {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-footer);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
    margin-top: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Footer main */
.footer-main {
    padding: var(--space-12) 0 var(--space-8);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}

.footer-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1.5fr;
    gap: var(--space-10);
    align-items: start;
}

.footer-brand-col {}

.footer-logo {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.footer-logo img {
    height: 36px;
    width: auto;
    filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.footer-site-name {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: var(--font-extrabold);
    color: var(--color-white);
    line-height: 1;
}

.footer-tagline {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
    max-width: 280px;
}

.footer-oa-statement {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    max-width: fit-content;
}

.footer-oa-statement svg {
    color: var(--color-oa-green);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

.footer-col-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-2);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.footer-links a {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    display: block;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Email alert signup */
.footer-email-signup {
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
}

.footer-email-signup p {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.footer-email-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.footer-email-form input[type="email"] {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.footer-email-form input[type="email"]::placeholder {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
}

.footer-email-form input[type="email"]:focus {
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}

.footer-email-form button {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast);
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
}

.footer-email-form button:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    border-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

/* Footer bottom bar */
.footer-bottom {
    background-color: var(--color-bg-footer-dark);
    padding: var(--space-4) 0;
}

.footer-bottom .site-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-3);
}

.footer-copyright {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

.footer-copyright a {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-copyright a:hover {
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.footer-legal-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.footer-legal-links a {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-legal-links a:hover {
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.footer-legal-links li + li {
    padding-left: var(--space-4);
    border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
}

/* Creative Commons / OA license */
.license-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.license-badge:hover {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    text-decoration: none;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   22. WIDGETS
   ========================================================================== */

.widget {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-5);
}

.widget:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.widget-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    padding-bottom: var(--space-2);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
}

/* Recent posts widget */
.widget_recent_entries ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.widget_recent_entries li {
    padding: var(--space-2) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.widget_recent_entries li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.widget_recent_entries a {
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
}

.widget_recent_entries a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.widget_recent_entries .post-date {
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

/* Tag cloud widget */
.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-2);
}

.widget_tag_cloud a {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-2);
    background: var(--color-gray-100);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-size: var(--text-xs) !important;
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
}

.widget_tag_cloud a:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   23. PAGINATION
   ========================================================================== */

.pagination {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    padding: var(--space-6) 0;
}

.pagination .page-numbers {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    padding: 0 var(--space-2);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-medium);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
                border-color var(--transition-fast),
                color var(--transition-fast);
}

.pagination .page-numbers:hover {
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.pagination .page-numbers.current {
    background: var(--color-primary);
    border-color: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
}

.pagination .page-numbers.dots {
    border: none;
    background: none;
    cursor: default;
}

.pagination .prev,
.pagination .next {
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
}

/* Post navigation (single) */
.post-navigation {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: var(--space-4);
    padding: var(--space-6) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.nav-previous,
.nav-next {
    padding: var(--space-4);
    background: var(--color-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}

.nav-next {
    text-align: right;
}

.nav-subtitle {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wider);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-1);
}

.nav-title {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   24. BREADCRUMBS
   ========================================================================== */

.breadcrumbs {
    padding: var(--space-3) 0;
    background: var(--color-gray-50);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.breadcrumbs .site-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.breadcrumbs-list {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.breadcrumbs-list a {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.breadcrumbs-list a:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.breadcrumbs-list .sep {
    color: var(--color-gray-400);
    user-select: none;
}

.breadcrumbs-list .current {
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    font-weight: var(--font-medium);
    max-width: 320px;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   25. OPEN ACCESS & LICENSE BADGES
   ========================================================================== */

.oa-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    background: var(--color-oa-green);
    color: var(--color-white);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: var(--font-bold);
    padding: 3px var(--space-2);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: var(--tracking-wide);
}

.oa-badge svg { width: 12px; height: 12px; }

/* CC license icons row */
.cc-license {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-1);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.cc-license img {
    height: 20px;
    width: auto;
}

.cc-license:hover {
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
    text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   26. RESPONSIVE — BREAKPOINTS
   ========================================================================== */

/* Large desktop (1400px+) */
@media (min-width: 1400px) {
    :root {
        --sidebar-left-width: 240px;
        --sidebar-right-width: 260px;
    }
}

/* Tablet / Medium (max 1199px) */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    :root {
        --sidebar-left-width: 200px;
        --sidebar-right-width: 210px;
        --column-gap: 16px;
    }

    .three-column-layout {
        grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar-left-width) 1fr var(--sidebar-right-width);
    }

    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr;
    }

    .footer-grid > .footer-brand-col {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }
}

/* Tablet (max 991px) */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .three-column-layout {
        grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar-left-width) 1fr;
        grid-template-areas:
            "sidebar-left main-content"
            "sidebar-left main-content";
    }

    .sidebar-right {
        display: none;
    }

    .hero-stats {
        gap: var(--space-6);
    }

    .subject-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr));
    }

    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-8);
    }

    .footer-grid > .footer-brand-col {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }
}

/* Tablet small / Phablet (max 767px) */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    :root {
        --space-16: 3rem;
        --space-20: 4rem;
    }

    h1 { font-size: var(--text-4xl); }
    h2 { font-size: var(--text-3xl); }
    h3 { font-size: var(--text-2xl); }

    .three-column-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        grid-template-areas:
            "main-content"
            "sidebar-left";
        padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-4);
    }

    .two-column-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        grid-template-areas: "main-content";
        padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-4);
    }

    .sidebar-left {
        position: static;
        order: 2;
    }

    .main-content-area {
        order: 1;
    }

    /* Show sidebar below on mobile, collapsed */
    .sidebar-left .sidebar-box {
        margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
    }

    /* Header adjustments */
    .header-main .site-container {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: var(--space-3);
    }

    .header-search-wrap {
        order: 3;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .header-search-form .search-field {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .header-utilities {
        gap: var(--space-2);
    }

    .header-submit-btn {
        font-size: var(--text-xs);
        padding: var(--space-1) var(--space-3);
    }

    /* Navigation */
    .menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .primary-menu {
        display: none;
        width: 100%;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .primary-menu.nav-open {
        display: flex;
    }

    .primary-menu > li > a {
        padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-5);
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
        margin-bottom: 0;
    }

    .primary-menu .sub-menu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        border-top: none;
        background: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        border-radius: 0;
        padding: 0;
        pointer-events: auto;
    }

    /* Hero */
    .site-hero {
        padding: var(--space-10) 0 var(--space-8);
    }

    .hero-stats {
        gap: var(--space-6);
    }

    .hero-stat-number {
        font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    }

    /* Article */
    .article-title {
        font-size: var(--text-2xl);
    }

    .article-info-bar {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--space-2);
    }

    .article-actions-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .article-metrics-row {
        gap: var(--space-3);
    }

    .article-metric-divider {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Issue cover */
    .issue-cover-wrap {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .issue-cover-image {
        width: 70px;
        height: 90px;
    }

    /* Footer */
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-6);
    }

    .footer-main {
        padding: var(--space-8) 0 var(--space-6);
    }

    .footer-bottom .site-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: var(--space-2);
    }

    /* Post navigation */
    .post-navigation {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .nav-next {
        text-align: left;
    }

    /* Subject grid */
    .subject-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

/* Mobile (max 479px) */
@media (max-width: 479px) {
    .site-container {
        padding: 0 var(--space-4);
    }

    .header-top-bar {
        display: none;
    }

    .article-card {
        padding: var(--space-4);
    }

    .article-header {
        padding: var(--space-4);
    }

    .content-card {
        padding: var(--space-4);
    }

    .article-card-footer {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .article-card-meta-row {
        gap: var(--space-3);
    }

    .search-filters {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .pagination {
        gap: 4px;
    }

    .pagination .page-numbers {
        min-width: 32px;
        height: 32px;
        font-size: var(--text-xs);
    }

    .hero-stats {
        gap: var(--space-4);
        justify-content: space-around;
    }

    .hero-title {
        font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    }

    .subject-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: var(--space-3);
    }

    .subject-card {
        padding: var(--space-3);
    }

    .breadcrumbs-list .current {
        max-width: 180px;
    }

    .article-keywords-list {
        gap: var(--space-1);
    }

    .error-404-code {
        font-size: 80px;
    }

    .error-404-title {
        font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   27. PRINT STYLES
   ========================================================================== */

@media print {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        background: transparent !important;
        color: #000 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        text-shadow: none !important;
    }

    a,
    a:visited {
        text-decoration: underline;
    }

    a[href]::after {
        content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    }

    abbr[title]::after {
        content: " (" attr(title) ")";
    }

    pre {
        white-space: pre-wrap !important;
    }

    pre,
    blockquote {
        border: 1px solid #999;
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }

    thead {
        display: table-header-group;
    }

    tr,
    img {
        page-break-inside: avoid;
    }

    p,
    h2,
    h3 {
        orphans: 3;
        widows: 3;
    }

    h2,
    h3 {
        page-break-after: avoid;
    }

    #masthead,
    #colophon,
    .sidebar-left,
    .sidebar-right,
    .primary-navigation,
    .breadcrumbs,
    .article-actions-row,
    .article-share-btns,
    .pagination,
    .post-navigation,
    .header-top-bar,
    .hero-section,
    .no-print {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .three-column-layout,
    .two-column-layout {
        display: block;
    }

    .main-content-area {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .article-title {
        font-size: 20pt;
    }

    .article-abstract-text {
        font-size: 10pt;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   28. WORDPRESS CORE ALIGNMENT CLASSES
   ========================================================================== */

.alignleft {
    display: inline;
    float: left;
    margin-right: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.alignright {
    display: inline;
    float: right;
    margin-left: var(--space-6);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.aligncenter {
    clear: both;
    display: block;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.alignwide {
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--space-6));
    margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--space-6));
    max-width: calc(100% + (var(--space-6) * 2));
}

.alignfull {
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--space-5));
    margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--space-5));
    max-width: calc(100% + (var(--space-5) * 2));
}

.wp-caption {
    max-width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.wp-caption img {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.wp-caption-text {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: var(--space-2);
    text-align: center;
}

.sticky {
    /* WordPress sticky post — handled via article-card styles */
}

.gallery {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-4);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-6);
}

.gallery-item {
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.gallery-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 160px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

/* WordPress comments */
.comment-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.comment-body {
    padding: var(--space-4) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.comment-meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-3);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.comment-author img {
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
}

.comment-author .fn {
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
}

.comment-metadata {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.comment-content {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    color: var(--color-text-primary);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   29. UTILITY CLASSES
   ========================================================================== */

/* Display */
.d-none        { display: none !important; }
.d-block       { display: block !important; }
.d-flex        { display: flex !important; }
.d-inline-flex { display: inline-flex !important; }
.d-grid        { display: grid !important; }

/* Flex utilities */
.flex-wrap     { flex-wrap: wrap !important; }
.flex-nowrap   { flex-wrap: nowrap !important; }
.items-center  { align-items: center !important; }
.items-start   { align-items: flex-start !important; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between !important; }
.justify-center  { justify-content: center !important; }
.gap-2         { gap: var(--space-2) !important; }
.gap-3         { gap: var(--space-3) !important; }
.gap-4         { gap: var(--space-4) !important; }

/* Text utilities */
.text-center { text-align: center !important; }
.text-left   { text-align: left !important; }
.text-right  { text-align: right !important; }

.text-primary   { color: var(--color-primary) !important; }
.text-muted     { color: var(--color-text-muted) !important; }
.text-white     { color: var(--color-white) !important; }
.text-success   { color: var(--color-oa-green) !important; }
.text-danger    { color: #d32f2f !important; }

.text-xs   { font-size: var(--text-xs) !important; }
.text-sm   { font-size: var(--text-sm) !important; }
.text-base { font-size: var(--text-base) !important; }
.text-lg   { font-size: var(--text-lg) !important; }
.text-xl   { font-size: var(--text-xl) !important; }

.font-normal   { font-weight: var(--font-normal) !important; }
.font-medium   { font-weight: var(--font-medium) !important; }
.font-semibold { font-weight: var(--font-semibold) !important; }
.font-bold     { font-weight: var(--font-bold) !important; }

.uppercase { text-transform: uppercase !important; }
.lowercase { text-transform: lowercase !important; }
.capitalize{ text-transform: capitalize !important; }

.truncate {
    overflow: hidden !important;
    text-overflow: ellipsis !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
}

.line-clamp-2 {
    display: -webkit-box !important;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2 !important;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}

.line-clamp-3 {
    display: -webkit-box !important;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3 !important;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
}

/* Margin utilities */
.mt-0 { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.mb-0 { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: var(--space-4) !important; }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: var(--space-4) !important; }
.mt-6 { margin-top: var(--space-6) !important; }
.mb-6 { margin-bottom: var(--space-6) !important; }

/* Padding utilities */
.p-0  { padding: 0 !important; }
.p-4  { padding: var(--space-4) !important; }
.px-4 { padding-left: var(--space-4) !important; padding-right: var(--space-4) !important; }
.py-4 { padding-top: var(--space-4) !important; padding-bottom: var(--space-4) !important; }

/* Border utilities */
.border-0    { border: none !important; }
.border      { border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important; }
.border-top  { border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important; }
.border-bottom { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important; }

/* Background utilities */
.bg-white    { background-color: var(--color-white) !important; }
.bg-light    { background-color: var(--color-bg-light) !important; }
.bg-primary  { background-color: var(--color-primary) !important; }

/* Width utilities */
.w-full  { width: 100% !important; }
.w-auto  { width: auto !important; }

/* Overflow */
.overflow-hidden { overflow: hidden !important; }
.overflow-auto   { overflow: auto !important; }

/* Cursor */
.cursor-pointer { cursor: pointer !important; }

/* Visibility */
.invisible { visibility: hidden !important; }
.visible   { visibility: visible !important; }

/* Separator line */
.divider {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    margin: var(--space-5) 0;
}

/* Loading spinner */
.spinner {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border: 2px solid var(--color-border);
    border-top-color: var(--color-primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    animation: spin 0.75s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
    to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

/* Pulse animation (for loading states) */
.skeleton {
    background: linear-gradient(
        90deg,
        var(--color-gray-200) 25%,
        var(--color-gray-100) 50%,
        var(--color-gray-200) 75%
    );
    background-size: 200% 100%;
    animation: skeleton-loading 1.4s infinite;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

@keyframes skeleton-loading {
    0%   { background-position: 200% 0; }
    100% { background-position: -200% 0; }
}

/* Fade-in on load */
.fade-in {
    animation: fadeIn var(--transition-slow) ease both;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(8px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* Notification / Alert boxes */
.alert {
    padding: var(--space-4);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
}

.alert-info {
    background: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    border-color: rgba(0,117,180,0.25);
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.alert-success {
    background: var(--color-oa-green-light);
    border-color: rgba(26,150,65,0.25);
    color: #155724;
}

.alert-warning {
    background: #fff8e1;
    border-color: rgba(255,193,7,0.3);
    color: #856404;
}

.alert-danger {
    background: #fce4ec;
    border-color: rgba(211,47,47,0.25);
    color: #721c24;
}

/* ISSN display */
.issn-display {
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.issn-display strong {
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
}

/* Collapsible section toggle */
.collapse-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-2);
    cursor: pointer;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    color: var(--color-primary);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: var(--font-semibold);
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.collapse-toggle:hover {
    color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.collapse-toggle-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    transition: transform var(--transition-base);
}

.collapse-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .collapse-toggle-icon {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.collapse-body {
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height var(--transition-slow), opacity var(--transition-slow);
}

.collapse-body.collapsed {
    max-height: 0;
    opacity: 0;
}

/* Table of Contents (article sidebar) */
.toc-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.toc-list li {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.toc-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.toc-list a {
    display: block;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: var(--leading-snug);
    transition: color var(--transition-fast),
                background-color var(--transition-fast);
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
}

.toc-list a:hover,
.toc-list a.active {
    color: var(--color-primary);
    background-color: var(--color-primary-xlight);
    border-left-color: var(--color-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.toc-list .toc-h3 a {
    padding-left: var(--space-6);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

.toc-list .toc-h4 a {
    padding-left: var(--space-8);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

/* Sticky "Back to top" button */
.back-to-top {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: var(--space-6);
    right: var(--space-6);
    z-index: var(--z-raised);
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    background: var(--color-primary);
    color: var(--color-white);
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px);
    transition: opacity var(--transition-base),
                transform var(--transition-base),
                background-color var(--transition-fast);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.back-to-top.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.back-to-top:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-primary-dark);
}

.back-to-top svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
}

/* End of style.css */